Becoming Logan and Gard

---

Chapter 7: The Civil War

1821 – 1892

Daniel H Logan, Fannie Serena Hudgens and Elizabeth A Jackson

Daniel in MO

Daniel Logan’s family Bible tells us that he was born to William Logan and Patsy Hudgens on the 6^th of January 1821 (see fig 10 & 11).  Thanks to his father’s will and probate we also know that he was living in Missouri by 1842.  Otherwise, we don’t know much about what he was doing from birth until 21 March 1847 when he married Fannie Serena Hudgens (she went by Serena) in Savannah Missouri[i]. 

Despite an extensive search I have not been able to uncover much about Serena.  It appears that she was born in Kentucky in 1827 but to whom is not known.  That means I also could not discover what her relationship to Daniel’s mother Patsy was, if any.  There are plenty of possibilities but no evidence, therefore for now all we know is that Daniel’s wife shared the same last name as his mother. 

I do know that at the age of 20 Serena married Daniel Logan in Andrew County[ii].  Andrew County was just settled in the mid-1830s and in 1841was annexed to Missouri as part of the “Indian Platte Purchase”[iii].  Shortly after their marriage, they moved to Nodaway Township (established in 1846) to become farmers. 

Once married it did not take Daniel and Serena long to start a family.  On 14 January 1848, just under 10 months after their marriage, Serena gave birth to Fannie Elizabeth Logan. They proceeded to have 8 children, John Taylor, William Peters, Talitha J, James Preston “Jas” Martha Susan, Mary Catherine, and Lucy.  Unfortunately, not all made it to adulthood with John Taylor dying at the age of 5 months, William at the age of 11 months, and Martha at the age of 4[iv].   It is also possible that within their house was a single slave who in 1850 was a 9-year-old “mulatto” girl[v].  I have some doubt if this is our Daniel as the location is Savannah, not Nodaway.  I also have not seen any further evidence of her on any other census or other document, therefore I can’t do any better than maybe. 

We do know that by 1860 Daniel’s farm was valued at $2400, which was about average for Andrew County at this time.  Thanks to the 1860 Farm schedule we know that this property includes 11 acres of improved land and an additional 69 unimproved acres.  He had 4 horses, 1 “ass or mule”, 1 “milk cow” and 13 pigs all worth $380 (worth ~14k today).  His annual production was bushels of “Indian Corn” and 20 “Irish Potatoes”, 50lbs of butter and $30 worth of slaughtered livestock[vi].  It is on this foundation that Serena and Daniel entered the most divisive period in this nation’s history. 

The Civil War

Already becoming a divided nation in 1857 the Supreme Court moved the United States to the verge of civil war with a decision that is considered by many legal scholars the worst ever by the Supreme Court[vii].  It all started in 1846 when Dred Scott, an enslaved Black man and his wife, Harriet, sued for their freedom.  This began an 11-year legal battle that made its way to our nation’s highest court.  On 6 March 1857, Chief Justice Robert B. Taney read the majority opinion which stated that enslaved people were not citizens of the United States and therefore could not expect any protection from the Federal Government or the Courts.  In addition, they stated that Congress had no authority to ban slavery from federal territory, voiding the Missouri Compromise[viii].

In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 13^th President of the United States, despite losing in every southern state.  Shortly after this election, on 20 Dec, South Carolina declared their secession from the nation, with Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas following (in that order)[ix]. 

Within Missouri you get a clear view of life in a divided nation.  On Jan 16, 1861, the Missouri General Assembly passed a bill allowing its citizens to elect delegates to a State Convention to determine its status in the union.  Despite Governor Claiborne Fox Jackson’s attempt to tip the state to the confederacy the elected delegates voted 98-1 against seceding from the Union[x].  Unfortunately, this did not end the struggle within the state of Missouri because Gov. Jackson continued to push for Missouri’s succession.

In his inauguration speech, President Lincoln made his position clear when he warned the south that “In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war.”  “You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it.[xi]” Despite this warning on 12 April 1861 the Civil war began with the attack of Fort Sumter.  Over the next 3 months, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee joined the Confederate States of America[xii]. 

Things remained tense in Missouri when, in May 1861, Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon, of the Union, felt he needed to respond to hostilities from Gov. Jackson.  This led to the “Camp Jackson Affair” resulting in Gen. Lyon capturing 669 militia.  By June Gov. Jackson abandoned the capital, fleeing to Texas.   The “State Convention” ruled that the offices of Governor, Lt. Governor, Secretary of State, and the general Assembly were vacant declaring a new election in November.  Jackson responded by declaring Missouri a free republic and setting up a “rebel Legislature” in Marshall Texas.  Despite this, Missouri remained in the Union[xiii]. 

It is here where we return our gaze to Daniel and Serena.  On February 15^th, 1862, their youngest child, Lucy, was born and shortly thereafter (for reasons unknown) Serena passed away leaving Daniel as a widower.  Within a few days, Daniel’s first cousin, James Jackson[1], a Confederate Soldier was killed during a battle at Cove Creek, Arkansas[xiv]. This left James’ wife, Elizabeth Jackson, as a widow with 3 children under the age of 10.  Desiring to marry her, Daniel signed a contract that ensured that the marriage “shall not affect the right of the said Elizabeth A Jackson to any property real or personal that she has as the widow of the said James Jackson deceased”.  It also declared that the property was “free from the control” and “free from all liability for his (Daniel’s) debts.”  In short, this contract secured the existing property for Elizabeth and James Jackson’s three children, Lafayette (Fee), Josaphine and Elisa.  Therefore, on March 14^th, Elizabeth Jackson married Daniel Logan in Camden, Missouri. 

With the war coming to Missouri, in July, Daniel filled in a draft card for the Union Army under James B Fry, though I do not believe he served in the Union.  In fact, less than 2 months later Daniel appears to have angered his neighbors as reported by Morning Herald as follows:  “we learned that the residences of Daniel Logan and Wash Bradley, who reside about six miles north of Savannah, were burned to the ground.  Loss about $5,000.  The fire was undoubtedly the work of incendiaries.  We believe Logan and Bradley are both rebel sympathizers”[xv]. 

It appears that by this time he was already living in Camden Missouri, though it is impossible to be sure if he moved there permanently because of the fire, or if his being in Camden made the property vulnerable.  Either way, from the articles it appears he lost his farm. 

By 1864 the war in Missouri effectively came to an end when General Sterling Price tried to pry the state of Missouri from Union control.  This offensive did not last much past the first battle when the Union Army thwarted his attempt to take Fort Davidson.  This battle so weakened his army that by 23 October it was in full retreat[xvi]. 

As an aside, I conducted a great deal of research to determine if Daniel fought in the Civil war and my findings, unfortunately, are inconclusive, though lean towards his being a confederate soldier.  There is a record of a Daniel H Logan serving as a Private in the confederate army in the 9^th Sharpshooter Battalion.  I have not been able to confirm that this is or is not our Daniel Logan and frankly come up with good reason for and against.  This Daniel served 1862 to 1865 and would have been in his 40s at this time.  I also note that our Daniel got married in 1863 and with Elizabeth had a son in early 1864[xvii].  However, he was under 45 which made him eligible to serve.  It is also possible that he was on leave and returned to marry Elizabeth (it would be around the time of their marriage that she became pregnant).  One must also note that all of Daniel’s with Serena were no longer in his household in the 1870 census.  Finally, there is the burning down of his house.  Given the uncertainty I will not write about his service (if indeed he did serve). 

The end of the Civil War to 1892

On 10 January 1864, Elizabeth gave birth to my ancestor, Thomas Jackson Logan and did not have another child until their son Caleb was born in 1867.  After Caleb they had Gabbie Adeline, then 3 years later Ella and then finally Carrie in 1874. 

One year after Thomas was born, signaling the complete defeat of the Confederacy within Missouri, the state abolished slavery, 3 weeks prior to the congress proposing the 13^th amendment, see figure 15[xviii].  Five months later General Robert E Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox, Virginia, ending the Civil war.  The 13^th amendment went into effect on 18 December 1865 ending slavery.   

            We next see Daniel and Elizabeth on the 1870 Federal Census.  He remains a farmer with his property still valued at $2400.  Their children, Thomas, Caleb and Gabbie are living with them as are Elizabeth’s three children from her prior marriage, Lafayette, Josaphine and Eliza.  Interestingly, none of Daniel’s children from his marriage to Serena are living with them. I was not able to find where Lucy Logan was living at that time, but by 1880 she was living with her cousin Darius Ferguson at the age of 16[xix].  Mary is living with her older sister Fannie who is married to Anninias Blain, likely helping her sister raise her two very young children.  I was not able to locate Jas or Talitha, though both were alive at this time. 

By the 1880 Federal Census, Daniel is listed as being Maimed, Crippled or Bedridden.  Adeline, Ella and Carrie are still living at home and attending school.  However, Thomas has moved in with his half siblings, Lafayette (Fee), Josephine and Elizabeth.  He is listed as a laborer, likely on Fee’s farm, which I believe is the property that was the subject of Elizabeth and Daniel’s marriage agreement.  Caleb’s location is a mystery, though could be explained by a family legend that he was a bit eccentric, spending much of his life homeless.   

Thanks to the family bible, we know that on March 11, 1882, Daniel passed at the age of 61.  There seems to be no record of a will or where he was buried.  A mere 6 years later, in 1888, Elizabeth also lost her daughter, Carrie Logan, who passed “after a very brief illness” at the age of 16.  She was living at Elizabeth’s father’s house, Caleb Jackson.  Elizabeth died in 1892 and predeceased both of her parents.  It appears she was buried in “Todds Chapel Cemetery” which was the same location where her parents were buried. 

In the next chapter, we will explore Elizabeth’s ancestors,

Open Questions

• Who were Serena Hudgen’s parents and is she related to Daniel’s mother Patsy?
• Did Daniel have a slave in 1850 and if so who was she?
• Why did all of Serena’s children move out of the house after she died?  Is it because Daniel was in the army?
• Was Daniel a private in the 9^th Sharpshooter Battalion in Missouri? 
• Where was Daniel Buried?

---

[1] son of Susannah Hudgens who was Patsy Hudgens’ sister, Daniel’s aunt.

---

[i] Missouri, U.S., Compiled Marriage Index, 1766-1983 – repository – Ancestry.com

[ii] Missouri State Archives; Jefferson City, MO, USA; Missouri Marriage Records [Microfilm], Missouri, US Marriage Records 1805-2002, held on Ancestry.com

[iii] About Us | Andrew County MO

[iv] Daniel Logan’s family bible and the US Federal Census

[v] 1850 U.S. Federal Census – Slave Schedules

[vi] Schedule 4. Production of Agriculture – Ag_1860_Andrew.pdf (mo.gov)

[vii] National Archive, Dred Scott V. Sandford (1857)   Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) | National Archives

[viii] IBID

[ix] National Park Services – War Declared: States Secede from the Union! – Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)

[x] Missouri State Archives:  Timeline of Historic Missouri: 1861-1869 (mo.gov)

[xi] The White House Biography for President Lincoln –  Abraham Lincoln | The White House

[xii] National Park Services – War Declared: States Secede from the Union! – Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)

[xiii] Missouri State Archives:  Timeline of Historic Missouri: 1861-1869 (mo.gov)

[xiv] Missouri Confederate Death Records – at ancestry.com

[xv] Morning Herald September 1 1863

[xvi] Missouri State Archives:  Timeline of Historic Missouri: 1861-1869 (mo.gov)

[xvii] U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, at ancestry.com

[xviii] Missouri State Archives:  Timeline of Historic Missouri: 1861-1869 (mo.gov)

[xix] Reference 1880 Federal Census in Nodaway Missouri